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Using a VPN is a great way to protect your internet traffic when you are traveling, but it is not a solution for encrypting your local files. .

When the FBI needed information from the San Bernardino shooter's iPhone, they asked Apple to get a rear door to get past the encryption. But no such back door existed, and Apple refused to make one. The FBI needed to employ hackers to get into the phone.

Why wouldn't Apple help Because the moment a back door or similar hack is different, it becomes a goal, a decoration for the poor guys. It'll flow sooner or later. In a discussion at Black Hat last summer, Apple's Ivan Krstic disclosed that the company has done something similar in their cryptographic servers.

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Apple can't update them, but the bad guys can't get in either. .

Each the products in this roundup explicitly say that they have no back door, and that is as it ought to be. It will mean that in the event you encrypt an essential document and then forget that the encryption password, then you've lost it for good.

Back in the day, if you wanted to keep a document secret you can use a cipher to encrypt it and then burn the original. Or you might lock it up in a protected. The two main methods in encryption utilities parallel these options.

One type of product simply processes files and folders, turning them into impenetrable encrypted versions of themselves. Another creates a virtual disc drive that, when open, behaves like any other drive on your system. When you lock the digital drive, all of the documents that you put into it's entirely inaccessible. .

Like the digital drive solution, a few goods save your encrypted information in the cloud. This strategy requires extreme care, obviously. Encrypted data in the cloud has a much bigger attack surface than encrypted data on your own PC.

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That is better It really depends top article on how you plan on using encryption. If you are not sure, take advantage of the 30-day free trial offered by each of those products to get a sense of the different options.

After you copy a document into protected storage, or create an encrypted version of it, you absolutely need to wipe out the unencrypted original. Simply deleting it isn't sufficient, even if you skip the Recycle Bin, since the data still exists on disc, and data recovery utilities can often return back. .

Some encryption products prevent this issue by encrypting the file in place, literally overwriting it on disk with an encrypted version. It is more common, however, to provide safe deletion as he has a good point an option. If you choose a product that lacks this feature, you should find a free secure deletion tool to use along with it. .

Overwriting data before deletion is sufficient to balk software-based retrieval tools. Hardware-based forensic recovery works since the magnetic recording of information on a hard drive isn't actually digital. It is more of a waveform. In simple terms, the procedure involves nulling out the known information and reading around the borders of what's left.

An encryption algorithm is like a black box. Dump a document, image, or other document into it, and you get back what seems like gibberish. Run that gibberish back via the box, with the same password, and you get back the original.

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The U.S. government has settled on Advanced Encryption Standard (AES) as a standard, and every one the products accumulated here service AES. Even those that support other calculations tend to recommend using AES.

If you're an encryption specialist, you may want another algorithm, Blowfish, possibly, or even the Soviet government's GOST. For the typical consumer, however, AES is just fine.

Passwords are important, and you have to keep them confidential, right Well, not when you use Public Key Infrastructure (PKI) cryptography.

With PKI, you get two keys. One is public; you can share it with anyone, register it in an integral exchange, tattoo it on your foreheadwhatever you like. Another is personal, and should be closely guarded. If I want to send you a secret document, I just encrypt it with your public key.

Simple! .

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Using this system in reverse, you can create a digital signature which proves your document came from you and hasn't been modified. How Just encrypt it with your private key. The fact your public key find more information decrypts it's all of the evidence you need. PKI support is less common than support for traditional symmetric algorithms. .

If you want to talk about a document with someone and your encryption application doesn't support PKI, there are different options for sharing. Many products enable creation of a self-decrypting executable file. You could also find that the recipient can use a complimentary, decryption-only tool.